I'm sick. Yuck. Since Thursday my sinuses hurt, my nose is runny, and I have a dry cough. We have cold medications here at home, but before taking any I went online to see what was truly safe in pregnancy and discovered that even Tylenol/Paracetamol isn't necessarily considered as safe as we're led to believe.
The information is somewhat conflicting.
The
Healthy Ontario website says that acetaminophen (pain reliever), pseudoephedrine (decongestant), dextromethorphan (cough suppressant), and guaifenesin (expectorant), all common ingredients in over-the-counter cold medications, are safe to take throughout pregnancy.
If you check the
FDA's website, however, you get a different picture. The FDA gives medications a category for pregnancy use. Category A is the safest, running through to Category D (where there is positive evidence of fetal risk but benefits of taking the drug could still outweigh the risks), and a Category X (where there are demonstrated fetal abnormalities and benefits of taking the drug do not outweigh the risks).
Acetaminophen is Category B
Pseudoephedrine is Category C
Dextromethorphan is Category C
Guaifenesin is Category C
Category C says that "either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the fetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women, or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus".
That wasn't reassuring.
I found the most inclusive information at
MedLine, with the most sensible guidelines:
- Avoid medications during the first trimester when the fetus is at greatest risk from teratogens.
- Do not use combinations of drugs. Use one agent at a time.
- Use the lowest dose possible for the shortest amount of time.
- Use topical treatments when available as you get less systemic absorption.
- Use the medication only if the benefits outweigh the risks.
Most of my reading indicated that first-trimester use of any medications should be avoided if at all possible, and that the teratogenic effects of Category C drugs were most often 'minor', meaning things like club foot and syndactyly. I was surprised that some of the websites I visited said that these drugs could be taken in pregnancy without issue -- that seemed far too casual after reading about some of the possible effects.
So what have I done? Well, Friday I took a Tylenol in the morning and another in late afternoon. Once the sinus pressure is gone, the other symptoms seem far more manageable. Yesterday afternoon we went to a friend's house for a BBQ and I did take one cold caplet containing all the above drugs except for guaifenesin. I can't say that it made me feel so much better than the Tylenol alone that I would be willing to risk it again. And risk for me is probably relatively low anyhow given that I'm out of the first trimester and have seen that the little ones have beautifully articulated digits and cute little feet.
Labels: In the News, Pregnancy 5